I'm actually interested in how the one child policy was enforced. If any comrades have some reading material about this, I would be grateful!
scanning chinese media and english and chinese wikipedia the tldr seems to be: there were state incentives for having just one child wrt healthcare, retirement, etc. After first child it's mandated that the woman has an IUD or one of the partners is sterilized. After the second child, sterilization is mandatory, and there is a hefty fee (multiple years of rural income) for the second child for the state to support them.
There were a decent number of exceptions: rural populations could have 2 if the first was a girl, and in sparsely populated provinces, rural populations could have 2 no matter what. Critically, ethnic minorities were exempt, so it only applied to Han people. The enforcement was primarily in urban areas. There were other exceptions too and they changed throughout the course of the law.
Idk abt. One thing is certain, it was a terrible idea to begin with.
Personally, I've always resented my parent for forcing me to be born without my consent. The day of my birth, I was so mad at them, I didn't talk to them for 2 entire years.
I wish the CPC had been there to protect me from forced birth.
I'm not a huge fan of the OCP personally (and it's been repealed so I guess they're not a huge fan either now) but I need to give a piece of context that I never see talked about in the West: Ethnic minorities in China are totally exempted from it from day one. This includes Uyghurs and Tibetans. It's pretty much only for Han people which is the majority in China. Make of that how you want but if they created it as an ethnic cleansing tool like so many Westerns claim, they were really really bad at ethnic cleansing.
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The fine for 2nd child was absolutely there but no need to have existential crisis because of that. In democratic India, Indira gandhi wanted to do vasectomy for all males who had 2 children in 1970s only. At that time officials and people had little education and they did vasectomy of unmarried people. It was a lot. We, in the 3rd world were told by white Western libs that our problem is that we have huge birth rate and huge unemployment. Little these west. Libs cared about long time effects on the world for which they were suggesting.
https://qz.com/...
https://www.asianstudies.org/...
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