Context: https://en.wikipedia.org/...

Tl,Dr: He was an Austrian physician who won the noble prize in medicine in 1927 for discovering that you could treat the then incurable disease of Syphilis by contracting Malaria. The rising body temperature from Malaria would kill syphilis causing bacteria, which in turn would be treated with quinine after the syphilis had been treated.

Unfortunately, dude was also a Nazi sympathiser, keeping up with the trend of the time.