Electronic colonialism, sometimes called digital imperialism, digital colonialism, or eColonialism, was conceived by Herbert Schiller as documented in his 1969 book Mass Communication and American Empire.[1][2] In this work, Schiller postulated the advent of a kind of technological colonialism, a system that subjugates Third World and impoverished nations to the will of world powers such as the United States, Japan, and Germany, given the necessary "importation of communication equipment and foreign-produced software"