To the point of a very new person to linux asking about the lingo and the basics of using linux, the Debian Administrators Handbook has an excellent "remedial" section in its appendix. It covers a lot of the basics of working with your first linux computer. I have run various distros over the years but when i finally pulled the trigger on migrating to debian from ubuntu, i did take the time to read the remedial section and the first 8 or so chapters to have a more in-depth understanding of the logic and design choices but i found the remedial section to be a particularly good refresher and explanation of the basics that everyone takes for granted.
There is a suggested donation but the author is kind enough to not enforce a paywall.