10 microns is .4 thou, about the width of a cotton fiber. Its possible to machine those tolerances, but very time consuming as machine maintainance steps up. Its also small enough that the thermal expansion of the sheets will be larger than that

Effectively, yes. "Electrolytes" is a collective term for the ions that help move stuff into and out of your cells. These are primarily sodium and potassium, although calcium also plays a role. Sodium is the most important of these for sports drinks, because it is the one you most lose through sweat.

Unfortunately, most sports drinks don't really contain enough to balance out heavy sweating, because sodium salt (aka normal salt) tastes, unsurprisingly, salty. If a drink had the right balance of sodium, it would be noticeably salty. Gatorade has one line of drinks that do that, and Pedialyte is specially made for the correct balance. Sports drinks really jack up the sugar to help hide the salt taste.

Most sports drinks, rather than having the sodium you need to replace sweat, instead jack up the potassium (think Prime and it's advertised 843mg of electrolytes, 700mg of which is potassium). This doesn't really replace the electrolytes you need, but it also doesn't make the drink nearly as salty.

When you see "electrolytes", you should flip around to the nutrition label, which must list the actual amounts of sodium and potassium. This will tell you if it will actually help you recover from activity, or if it's just more sugar water and advertising.

Edited to add:

why is sodium so important? Because your cells use a mechanism called "osmosis" to move water back and forth. Water molecules naturally move from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration. In the cell, this means that water will go in to the cell if the inside of the cell has more sodium than the outside, and leave the cell when the outside has more than the inside.

When you sweat, two things happen: you lose water and you lose sodium you lose more water than sodium, so your blood becomes saltier. Water moves from inside your cells to your blood; this is what it means to be "dehydrated". To counter it, you need to dilute your blood and increase the amount of sodium in your cells. Hence, drinking water with sodium can help replenish both and speed recovery from dehydration.

Didn't Biden sign a law forcing an entire sector into a labor contract that was rejected by all the unions?

Small? The Appalachians today are the resting skeleton of a mountain range so tall and enduring that the mud and sand that washed off them piled miles high and formed the Catskill mountains. The Appalachians were so mighty that their garbage formed mountains

Programing is a lot less important than people and team dynamics

This is misleadingly reductionist. California high speed rail has made consistant progess in that time. That progress has been slower than ourslowest expectations. It demonstrates the void of expertise the US has in rail megaprojects. However, that expertise is being built, slowly and painfully. Its still forward progress for a nation which tore up half its rail overthe last 50 years.

Musk didn't found PayPal. X.com merged with Confinity, another online financial site (founded by Peter Thiel and others). Confinity had already begun development of PayPal at that time. In the resulting company, still called X.com, there was a series of leadership conflicts, with Musk pushing out CEO Bill Harris to become CEO, before himself being replaced by Peter Thiel. It was under Thiel that the company changed it's name to PayPal, and later went public. By the time there was a company called "PayPal", Musk was not longer involved with daily operations.

Emergenty rooms in hospitals are legaly required to help all patieints, so you would recieve care. Usually until you are able to leave the hospital. You would not receive followup care without going to the emergecy room, or paying cash. You would be billed for all services, usually at a higher rate than insured patients

I saw someone the other doy talk about the politics of guys like Musk and Thiel and say their politics were "genericaly liberal". Its a stance you can only hove when you don't pay attention. Their political affiliation is Billionare, and all Billionares act in a way to preserve and enhance their position.

Ok, so, this is in the context of closed timelike curves. This is a thing which appears in the math of general relativity. It has never been observed in real life, and may disappear if we ever have a reconciliatian of quantum mechanics and gravity.

The study was a computer simulation of "what if we had some particles in a closed timelike curve and could mess with them", and there is no suggestion of this being applicable or even possible in the real world.

Thingsthat go bicycle speed belong in the bike lane. Things that go faster go in the car lane. Things that go slower belong inthe people lane,

Dark humor is humor generated from your own pain.

Edgy humor is humor generated from the pain of others.

The first one is funny, the second is boring and shitty

You probably won't get most people to switch to bikes by selling them on fighting climate change anyway. You get them to switch to bikes by making it more convenient to bike than to car. This requires a ratchet of policy that deemphasizes car infrastructure and invests in bike infra instead. That investment can include climate change accomodations like adding trees or artificial shading to bike paths/lanes or more aid stations with water/misters/cooling.

airbnb has a lot of hate from a lot of directions in NYC. Hotels, yes, but also from renters and homeowners.

Airbnb units remove long term rentals from the market, in a city which is desparately short on affordable, middle, and even luxury housing units.

Airbnb units in condos and coops (which usually violata the bylaws) create noise and safety conditions.

This is a good opportunity to practice managing upward. Engage with your boss about the book. Bring up a talking point from the book without judgement, and ask the boss what he thought about it. Ask what other talking points the boss found valuable, and why. Ask if there are any strategies from the book he woule like to try, and how he would test the success.

Your boss recomended the book, so in his eyes there is probably value there. Even if you found none, you can use this as an opportunity to understand your boss, and to clarify and shape expectations.

the roman year started on march 1 so thats how they numbered months. English never caught up.

Mad Max is the film series about what if civilization broke down and only the worst tendancies were left.

The original disaster was nuclear war, but even if it had been climate change, the cars and fire guitars are appropriate. Mad Max is about what if the people who caused the disaster stayed in charge.

See also Water World. Its a common theme for post-apocolyptic media

"right to work" laws are misleadingly named laws that undermine unions by outlawing union shops from requiring membership. These laws lead to financial collapse of the union. All of the ten poorest states have these laws, and almost zero union membership.

As a person with adhd, I same-feels this so much. Like, the system to get meds where I live seems purposely designed to prevent adhd people from accessing meds

None at all. He also doesn't understend that the issues tesla has faced are largely due to poor process design rather than automotive design. The plans may call for small gaps ore big gaps, but they certainly don't call for iconsistent gaps