Water resources aren't even on the chart. Probably because it's about "greenhouse gas emissions across the supply chain"?
Greenhouse gas emissions per kilogram of food
7 months ago by NomNom to c/dataisbeautiful
I just grabbed the first three. The real question is, why didn't this data table mention it?
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
It's also kind of unfair to go by weight. A kg of beef is way more harmful to the environment, but it's also got a lot more calories and essential to live vitamins and minerals in it than any fruit or vegetable.
Calories sure, but vitamins and minerals not really. Meat has less micronutrients than plants.
But more bioavailability. People always forget that factor.
And that's assuming the vegetables are raw, of course, because they lose a lot of the nutrients when cooked as well.
Fruits are a better source usually.
I didn't say plants vs meat. I said beef vs any fruit or vegetable. Not all the fruits and vegetables. A steak has more things you need to live in it than most any fruit or vegetable. While your comparison wouldn't be totally unfair, the expectation that people will be able to eat so many different fruits and vegetables all the time, is.
can you expand on that for those of us who don’t wanna Google and confirmation bias ourselves?
they combine disparately methodized LCA data. this is explicitly against good practice. the fact that they found outrageous disparities got them great headlines and impressive graphs, but the underlying science is questionable at best. I could go deeper but this is the thousand foot view.
of course it's not. Meta analyzes fly in the face of the guidance for LCAs. it's just not good science.
since I'm already being tasked to address this again, it's worth pointing out that poore and nemecek didn't even gather the LCA data themselves. they, themselves, actually cite other meta-analyzes of LCA data. those meta-analyzes do recognize that they are violating best practices in the text themselves, and just go ahead and do it anyway. egregiously, poore and nemecek Don't even acknowledge this faux pas and pass off their "findings" as sound investigation.
I have trouble believing that those giant CO2 spewing cargo ships are so small a factor.
Because you've been fooled by the focus on those ships.
They're not problematic because of their greenhouse emissions. Hauling stuff by sea is very efficient - by greenhouse gas emissions it is more efficient than rail freight. They're problematic because they burn very dirty fuel which releases sulphur dioxide and particulates which are a different kind of pollutant. However, they're released far from human population centres, and their most serious effects are localised, unlike greenhouse emissions, which are global. The environmental problems of cargo ships are there, but they are not the serious, urgent threat to human life that climate change is.
As such, they are a distraction.
Also there was a post in my feed yesterday about 40% of sea shipping being tankers - so using fossil fuels to haul fossil fuels. That's surely more carbon-negative than hauling food.
Idk but they do carry a lot.
The majority of CO2 from moving food is created by you driving to the supermarket for groceries. It's not hard to see how when you compare a 15 ton truck moving 30 tons of food, compared to a 2 ton car moving 4 kg of food. That truck can move 1000 times further than a personal car for about the same amount of CO2 per kilo of food.
This same logic means it's more efficient to buy tomatoes from a continent away than to drive to the market to buy tomato seeds.
Yeah, that's a good point. But I've always looked at the buy local movement as a way to fuck over billionaires.
I'm totally in favor of buying local! It preserves local culture, helps your neighbors, and deprives capital of a way to exploit people out of sight. The food is fresher, and having to cook with seasonal ingredients adds variety and gives fun challenges.
But it won't prevent much carbon from entering the atmosphere.
Different farming practices use different techniques and tools and all have very different carbon output. That’s part of the equation of carbon production. Some farms are good at carbon sequestration and some are resource intensive.
But shipping doesn’t eliminate the truck driving from the harbour to the grocery store - that’s still needed. It just also adds a ship.
Yes, all things being equal that's true.
The first point is that even if it is true, for some products producing them takes much more energy than moving them. Cows are the extreme example, IIRC, where raising cows for meat takes like 80 times as much energy as delivering it.
The second point is that all things are rarely equal. You can raise bananas in a greenhouse, for example, but it will be a lot less energy efficient than shipping it from the tropics.
Farmers co op shares a central processing and distribution facility. Beef travels 30 minutes in and out to final destination. It all happened in a local region it’s local.
Cow raised 10 miles from my house. Killed on farm butchered on farm. I pick up cow and drive it 10 miles to my freezer. Cow sits in freezer for 1 year with other frozen farm products.
What are you talking about? I’m so confused at what you think buy local means?
Right, that's buying local. As opposed to having a cow raised 2000 km from your house and the meat shipped to you, which would be not buying local.
I'm not sure what you're confused about.
I thought you stated buying local wouldn’t save that much CO2. I was stating that it would save more CO2. Having local farms will always make sense logistically
Makes a great case for plant based alternative meats, which are actually really good now. I was a heavy meat eater, but I swapped out animal beef for impossible beef, and ended up preferring impossible beef in all my recipes.
Jack & Annie's and Quorn are also fantastic options.
Questions for those who can answer them:
1.) What is the difference between "Milk" and "dairy herd" with regards to pollution and land use? Honest question.
2.) I've always wondered, but didn't want to get flamed for asking: What if you have pet chickens? I don't eat them, they live a great chicken life, but I end up with a ton of eggs that I give to people I know. Obviously those eggs are eaten. Does this count as some kind of horrible animal cruelty?
The dairy herd seems to be about beef from a dairy herd. So still meat, but offset by the fact that milk is produced as well. Not sure how they calculate it, nor have I ever seen beef labelled as that (...granted I also haven't bought any in years), but it makes sense.
This just seems like a pet with a byproduct to me but maybe someone knows more about the effects of breeding for egg laying on chicken quality of life
I hadn't considered that they would sell the meat from dairy cows, so thanks for that answer. My neighbor has cows but that's the extent of my knowledge on them.
A few of my chickens are basically "mutts", which haven't been bred for anything specific. (we got them from a local who sells chickens, she turned out to know even less than I do about them, though. They're not as healthy as the others and I suspect they are inbred) The rest of them were picked up from a farm supply store and seem to be specific "breeds", I have some easter eggers, some Australorps, a welsummer, a black star, and some rhode island reds. I may not be doing everything right BUT my chickens have a half acre to run around on instead of being locked in a tiny box their entire lives, and the meanest thing any of them have endured is me catching them by the tail feathers before putting them back over the fence.
Chickens are wonderful pets. They eat bugs and poop fertilizer. As a farmer I can tell you your land can sustain chickens, just like it can sustain hundreds of other native birds.
I’m guessing these stats are focusing on a cow farm that cut down a forest versus a cow farm that exists on a prairie. the carbon cycle on most land can handle a certain amount of cows.
I just really hate how these all demonize small scale farmers. Having a couple dozen chickens is much different than having 500,000 chickens. Agricultures byproducts and environmental impacts range widely.
If I buy half a cow from my neighbor, it doesn’t travel, it gets processed locally. The ecological foot print is different than me getting a cow from Brazil.
Having a couple dozen chickens is much different than having 500,000 chickens.
I've felt that but I haven't really put it into words. My flock of modern dinosaurs gets to run around and eat all the ticks while standing in the sun and digging in the dirt. I've never had chickens before these, and the thing that surprised me is that they aren't mindless balls of feathers. They have personalities. They communicate. They make lots of dinosaur noises too.
I like chickens more than people. They are wonderful little beings. They make me so incredibly happy as they run around and peck at each other.
Nature sequesters carbon. If you are farming within the natural limits of your land you shouldn’t be generating much carbon at all.
All these people have a hard time imagining an old timey farming. Pre Industrial Revolution. There are plenty of natural farms around to this day. Tons of farmers, honoring traditional farming practices.
2.) I've always wondered, but didn't want to get flamed for asking: What if you have pet chickens? I don't eat them, they live a great chicken life, but I end up with a ton of eggs that I give to people I know. Obviously those eggs are eaten. Does this count as some kind of horrible animal cruelty?
Hard to say without context. While taking chickens' eggs does sound (and inherently is cruel), not even animal rights types care too much. It's just so ingrained in society.
The difference is when we talk about factory egg farms. Y'know, when they put chikens into their own tiny cage so they can't turn around in it, their head poking out into the feed box, and they can only lay their eggs into a hatch - no collection required.
Then the eggs get inspected, worse sent for birthing new chickens, and better ones being sold.
Then those for breeding chicken get inspected when the gender of the baby can be known, and 99.9% of male eggs get thrown into a fucking shredder (because you only need 1 rooster per 12-ish breeding hens).
This is what most concerned people have an issue with.
Just going to pitch in real quick. Growing your eggs on site is way better for the environment, since they don't have to be shipped to your grocery store from miles away.
Your chickens, even if you are a pos that doesn't take care of them at all, will still have a better life than in an egg laying factory.
I highly suggest it. I had some for a while. It's surprising how many eggs you end up with as well, you don't need that many and it's easy to give them a nice life.
2.) I’ve always wondered, but didn’t want to get flamed for asking: What if you have pet chickens? I don’t eat them, they live a great chicken life, but I end up with a ton of eggs that I give to people I know. Obviously those eggs are eaten. Does this count as some kind of horrible animal cruelty?
Eh, it depends on how you look at it. Chickens are just domesticated Red Junglefowl, and we've bred them over the last few thousand years to be bigger, (probably tastier), and lay a lot more eggs.
IMO, egg layers and other common breeds are probably perfectly happy and comfortable birds without any 'real' cruelty. The way we've bred them certainly has made them more susceptible to certain health problems and shortened their max lifespan some (compared to their wild ancestors), but my experience with my birds has been that as long as they're healthy, they seem to be perfectly happy with life.
I think of it the same as how we've bred Border Collies into existence. They're very different from their pre-domestication ancestors, but they're also not so severely altered that they have inherent health issues or other severe issues.
Broilers (meat chickens), however are definitely on the crueler side. Those poor things are only meant to convert feed to meat, and the whole living part is probably considered undesirable. Most only need to live somewhere between a month and a year before slaughter, and I imagine if you let them go any longer they'll drop dead from health issues.
I've been reading about meat chickens, and you're pretty much right. They grow for about 8 weeks, and then they're bound for the nugget factory. If you try to keep them after that they aren't healthy or happy at all.
Border collies are cool. Dad has one. We are into archery, and our range is next to the yard where the pup lives. That dog is intent on those arrows. She can't catch one, they're too fast, but she tries every time. She stares at the arrow on the bow, and when we shoot she will take a couple of steps toward the arrow as it flies, and then gives up at stares down the next arrow. She's also fun with radio controlled cars.
Dairy is the farm, milk is the product. As to pollution and land use factory farms will always cause pollution because they squeeze too many animals into an area smaller then they can live in healthily for profitability. (Cows for example need 2 acres per cow in lush lands or 50 acres per cow arid lands).
As for chickens. In my opinion as long as you have at least two chickens (they are social animals), maintain them properly, protect them from predation, keep up with vet visits/vaccinations, and let your chickens out to forage, they are a wonderful addition to a neighborhood. But make sure you read up on egg safety, especially if you plan to share your eggs.
But milk has it's own "farm" section too, so that doesn't make sense. It would make more sense to get rid of milk and cheese sections and combine them with dairy herd, but then that stat doesn't make sense because it seems it would be way higher than the beef herd.
See how they specified "beef" dairy herd. They are talking only about the livestock. The animals. The veal. The cattle they breed. The animals they cull and sell. They aren't talking about the lactating products.
Then you have milk. The product. Lactating dairy cows have a productive phase when they are kept specifically and separately to produce milk. I know it comes off as cruel but in agriculture animals are livestock and thought of in terms of lineitems when listed out.
I hope that helps. It's a bad graph, the creater carved out specific data points for their own personal politics which makes it hard to read. (Hence the cute notes littered around the chart). I too would have wrapped dairy cows and milk production into one line.
I don't get the big difference between milk and cheese? It's not even the processing
hm. yeah okay, I could have thought about it
I guess that it depend on both of the kind of nuts and where they grow. I've heard that Californian almonds require a lot of water, but they grow on the wild on the south of France (so without any irrigation).
That's why there's felling permits.
Oh in English that's more to do with trees, but shortly for moose for instance, the government maintains data and dishes out how many can/should be shot, and then those permits are given out to hunting clubs. You can't just go shooting any animal, willy nilly.
Now do water requirements per gram of protein.
A kilo of 'food' can be dense and rich ... or neither.
This graph compares a beef farmer in brazil who just burned down the Amazon for an oversized heard and shipped the beef to the USA with my neighbor who owns a historic farm and has 1 cow per acre
Would you care to back that up with a study comparing farms and farm practices? Like you're telling me how cows are raised is completely independent of the CO2 process. There's no difference between. Farm A: Natural farm, no fertilizer inputs, no feed inputs, rotating pastures, butchered on site, sold to a local market. Farm B. A start up funded by the Brazilian government, gifted 100 acres of rainforest, burned it down and added grass seed and fertilizer. Purchased corn from a different South American country to finish the product. Had the beef shipped across the country for slaughter, had the beef shipped across the world for sale.
Yes certainly no difference here. Both of these farms are the same in terms of emissions....
You are right, the second farm would produce beef which emit a lot more co2. However, even with the best practices the beef stay way more polluting than any other food as their emissions do not go below 40kg/co2 per kg of meat. This is due to the fact that a big part of the emissions are due to methane emitted by cows.
Right which goes back to another point I’ve made about mega fauna which naturally occurred around the world before humans made them endangered. For example, the great buffalo herds that used to roam the USA. They are a natural part of the carbon cycle and have been for millions of years. You can sustainably harvest red meat from the environment. Same as you can fish or any other protein out there.
It’s just cheaper and more profitable to destroy the environment. There’s nothing wrong with consuming red meat. There’s a whole lot wrong with modern farming practices. All that soy and almond milk is an environmental tragedy as well. Just not a carbon related one.
hasn’t even been 300 years since we had giant herds of buffalo roaming this country. We removed mega fauna and replaced it with a different species.
I really think that’s methane stat is exaggerated because it pretends like the planet wasn’t covered in cows before we started killing everything.
There are a lot of really interesting opinions here on this sub. Anthropologists must come together and renounce their evidence of ancient hunting practices and accept what ever your opinion is. Got it. Everyones an environmental scientist/ agricultural expert/ anthropologist on here.
Right… elk, buffalo and deer are all prolific grazers. Cows do have a higher impact on the land as they are not natural. That’s why greed is the real issue here. The bad farming practices are greed based.
I’m in a state that sustainable harvests deer to manage the population. We consume the meat and everything. We sustainable harvests cows too! Unlike those disgusting feedlots in central California we have happy cows.
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@lemmy.world
A place to share and discuss visual representations of data: Graphs, charts, maps, etc.
DataIsBeautiful is for visualizations that effectively convey information. Aesthetics are an important part of information visualization, but pretty pictures are not the sole aim of this subreddit.
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Water resources aren't even on the chart. Nuts, for example, can use way too much water. Almonds in California are a battle.
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